Common Duckweed

Lemna minor is characterized by its small, oval-shaped fronds, typically measuring 1 to 8 mm in length and 0.6 to 5 mm in width. The fronds are shiny on the upper surface and may display a reddish hue, especially during colder months. The plant rarely flowers and even more infrequently produces fruit, with the ovary containing a single ovule and the style measuring 0.10 to 0.15 mm in length. When fruits are formed, they are small, 0.8 to 1.0 mm long, with a winged margin. The seeds are white, ribbed, and remain within the fruit wall after ripening.

Lemna minor thrives in stagnant or slow-moving freshwater environments, often forming a dense green layer on the water's surface. It is commonly found in ponds, ditches, and other still water bodies where it can cover the surface with a continuous mat, especially in nutrient-rich conditions.

This species is easy to cultivate in still or slow-moving water and is often used in controlled environments for its rapid growth and nutrient uptake. It can be propagated by division of its small fronds and requires minimal maintenance. It is particularly suited for use in wetlands, aquaponic systems, and as a cover crop in aquatic environments.

Lemna minor has multiple applications, including use as animal fodder due to its high protein content. It is also employed in bioremediation efforts to remove excess nutrients from wastewater and in nutrient recovery systems. Additionally, it is studied in scientific research for its potential in biofuel production and as a model organism in plant biology.