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Opuntia tuna is characterized by its broad, flat, and often obovate cladodes, which can vary in shape from ovate to oblong. The spines are typically subulate and may have a brownish-yellow coloration. The flowers are yellow and the fruit is usually long and pyriform with a narrowed base. The species is often distinguished from similar Opuntia species by its shrubby growth habit and specific morphological features. The etymology of the species name, tuna, refers to the fruit of Opuntia in Spanish, highlighting its importance as a food source.

Opuntia tuna is commonly found in a variety of habitats, including arid and semi-arid regions, rocky slopes, and disturbed areas. It is well adapted to dry conditions and can thrive in poor soils. The species is native to the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean but has been introduced to other regions, where it often grows in similar environmental conditions.

Opuntia tuna is relatively easy to cultivate and is often grown in gardens and as an ornamental plant. It requires well-draining soil and full sun to thrive. The species is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. In agricultural settings, it can be propagated through stem cuttings or seeds. Care should be taken to protect the plant from excessive moisture, which can lead to root rot.

Opuntia tuna is valued for its edible fruit, which is often consumed fresh or used in the production of jams and jellies. The cladodes can also be prepared as a vegetable in some cuisines. The plant is used in traditional medicine for its purported health benefits and is also cultivated for ornamental purposes due to its attractive appearance. Additionally, Opuntia tuna has been used in ecological restoration projects due to its ability to stabilize soil and provide habitat for wildlife.