Caucasian Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus L.
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a tree in the Betulaceae family. It is native to Western Asia and parts of Europe, including southern England. The species thrives in a warm climate and is found at elevations up to 1,000 metres. It grows in mixed forests with oak and, in some regions, beech. It is also found in scree forests. Known historically as yoke elm, it is one of three hornbeam species in Europe, alongside Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica.
Description
Carpinus betulus is part of the genus Carpinus and was first described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is distributed across several European countries, including Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and parts of the United States. The species is commonly referred to as the Caucasian Hornbeam. It is a long-lived tree that prefers well-drained soils and is often used in urban and ornamental planting due to its dense, hard wood and attractive foliage.
Other common names
European hornbeamCaucasian HornbeamCommon HornbeamHornbeam
Distribution
DK · FI · SE · IE · NO · PT · Flanders · Latvia · Finland · Norway · Portugal · Spain · EE · Global · conterminous 48 United States · Belgium · Brussels-Capital Region · Flemish Region · Walloon Region · Albania · Austria · Baltic States · Belarus · Bulgaria · Central European Rus · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · France · Germany · Great Britain
Synonyms
Carpinus betulus var. quercifoliaCarpinus betulus f. quercifoliaCarpinus betulus var. carpinizzaCarpinus betulus var. provincialisCarpinus betulus f. cucullataCarpinus betulus f. horizontalisCarpinus betulus f. incisaCarpinus betulus f. obtusifoliaCarpinus betulus var. pendulaCarpinus betulus f. purpureaCarpinus betulus f. pyramidalisCarpinus betulus f. variegataCarpinus carpinizzaCarpinus caucasicaCarpinus compressusCarpinus intermediaCarpinus nervataCarpinus quercifoliaCarpinus sepiumCarpinus ulmifoliaCarpinus ulmifoliaCarpinus ulmoidesCarpinus vulgarisCarpinus betulus var. serrataCarpinus betulus subsp. serrataCarpinus betulus subsp. carpinizzaCarpinus pendulaCarpinus betulus var. columnarisCarpinus betulus var. fastigiataCarpinus betulus var. typica