Bemuda juniper
Juniperus bermudiana L.
Juniperus bermudiana L., commonly known as Bermuda juniper or Bermuda cedar, is a species in the Cupressaceae family. It is endemic to Bermuda and was historically widespread there. The species was heavily utilized by settlers for construction and shipbuilding. A devastating scale insect infestation during World War II reduced the population by over 99%. Casuarina equisetifolia has been planted as a replacement. Some resistant individuals remain, but the decline has impacted several endemic species dependent on the tree.
Description
Juniperus bermudiana is native to Bermuda and was once a dominant tree forming extensive woodlands. Its use in construction and shipbuilding led to some deforestation prior to the 20th century. The species suffered a catastrophic decline due to an introduced scale insect during World War II, which nearly eliminated the population. Conservation efforts include planting Casuarina equisetifolia, a salt-tolerant alternative. A few resistant individuals of J. bermudiana persist. The loss of this species has had ecological consequences, contributing to the decline or extinction of some endemic birds, cicadas, and bees. A neotype was designated for the species, though its validity is debated due to the presence of original material.
Other common names
Bermuda juniperBermuda CedarBermuda Red CedarSouthern Red CedarBemuda juniperBermuda-cedar
Distribution
IN · Global · Hawaii · Ascension · Bermuda · Mauritius · Réunion · St.Helena
Synonyms
Juniperus nepalensisJuniperus oppositifoliaJuniperus pyramidalisSabina bermudianaJuniperus virginiana var. bermudiana