African-rue
Peganum harmala L.

Peganum harmala is a perennial herb of the family Nitrariaceae, known by the common name African-rue. It is native to saline soils in temperate deserts and Mediterranean regions. The plant features a woody underground rootstock and is recognized for its seeds, which contain high concentrations of beta-carboline alkaloids. It is also known by other names including wild rue, Syrian rue, esfand, and harmel. The species was first described in 1753 by Linnaeus.
Description
Peganum harmala is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Nitrariaceae family. It is commonly referred to as African-rue in English, a name derived from its resemblance to rue. The plant is adapted to saline soils and is found in temperate desert and Mediterranean regions. Its seeds are notable for containing a high concentration of beta-carboline alkaloids. The species was originally described by Linnaeus in 1753. The type material was designated by El Hadidi, who selected the Clifford sheet from the LINN collection, following a review of the material by Burtt in 1954.
Other common names
Harmal peganumSyrian-rueAfrican-ruewild rue
Distribution
ZA · Belgium · France · The Netherlands · Great Britain · MX · UA · Bulgaria · Hungary · Moldova · Ukraine · SE · AU · MD · BG · FR · DK · conterminous 48 United States · Afghanistan · Algeria · Bangladesh · Cape Provinces · China North-Central · Colorado · Cyprus · East Aegean Is. · East European Russia · Egypt · Greece · India
Synonyms
Mesembryanthemum caspicumPeganon harmalumHarmala peganum